Lifting incise drapes off the skin during wound closure can cause contamination.

Incise drapes adhere well to skin and reduce bacterial migration into the wound. We took skin swabs before and after the application of incise drapes during 49 hip and knee arthroplasty procedures. Contamination was detected under incise drapes in four cases (8.1%) and consisted mainly of skin flora. We conclude that it is important to clean the skin again with antiseptics if the incise drape is removed by the surgeon.

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of wild type and mutant Proteus penneri outer membrane proteins.

In this study the virulence factors, outer membrane proteins (OMP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), hemolysin, and the in vivo and in vitro virulence of wild-type Proteus penneri 357 and its two isogenic mutant variants--a transposon and a spontaneous mutant--were examined. The OMPs of these variants were analyzed by a new and fast technique, "dynamic sieving" capillary electrophoresis (CE). The OMP profiles were dominated by two peaks (39 and 43 kDa). In the P. penneri clone examined, both the transposon and the spontaneous mutations induced significant changes in the OMP patterns (in the relative percentage of the dominant proteins). CE was suitable for the comparative analysis of bacterial protein patterns in the genetic variants of this strain, and provided valuable results in connection with the bacteriological virulence. The LPS composition of the genetic variants also showed alterations. The wild type of P. penneri 357 showed a typical ladder pattern, an "S" form, and the mutants possessed "R" LPS patterns (only few bands) in the gels. In the bacteriological virulence tests the wild type of P. penneri 357 was virulent in the in vivo, and toxic in the in vitro assays, while both mutants showed neither toxicity nor pathogenicity.

Protein profile characterization of bacterial lysates by capillary electrophoresis.

A fast and reproducible method was developed to characterize cell lysates by their electrophoretic profiles using capillary electrophoresis (CE). Characteristic and reproducible patterns were recorded for each bacterial strains when "dynamic sieving" CE, using a polymer solution in the capillary, was applied to distinguish four strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The electropherograms showed distinct differences when comparing them to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) protein profiles. This is certainly a result of the differences in the separation principles and in the detection methods of the two techniques.

Changes in outer membrane protein profiles of bacteria after meropenem-induced postantibiotic effect studied by capillary electrophoresis.

Persistent inhibition of bacterial growth, called postantibiotic effect (PAE), after a short exposure to a new carbapenem, meropenem, was determined in different strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Capillary electrophoresis (CE), as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to study the outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles before and after meropenem treatment. CE proved to be suitable for the characterization of the OMP profiles of bacteria. Significant changes in the electrophoretic patterns were observed, showing the consequential effect of meropenem on bacteria.

[Changes in the knowledge and attitude of physicians and health professionals in relation to AIDS during 1988-1990]. / Orvosok és egészségügyi dolgozók AIDS-szel kapcsolatos ismereteinek és attitüdjének változása 1988-1990 között.

The authors interviewed in 1988, 570 and in 1990 425 health personnel about their knowledge and attitudes with AIDS. The results of 1990 survey shows: 63-76% of subjects changed their working habits, the increase rate to 1988 data is 30-40% and 11.7-18.0% changed their habits in their private life, the rate of increasing are: 8-9%. The safety gloves was mentioned by 82.1%-20% more than in 1988. 14% of the interviewed doctors and other health workers are refuse the care of an AIDS or a HIV positive patient, this rate is the double than was in 1988. Among the information resources the rate of postgraduate education was by 10% lower and 95% of the interviewed persons nominated the mass media as a main information channel in their knowledges about AIDS.